Elektrotechnika

Elektrotechnika is a branch of engineering devoted to the generation, transmission, distribution, conversion and use of electrical energy, as well as the design and application of electrical and electronic devices and systems. It covers both large-scale power networks and component-level technologies, from generators and transformers to sensors and integrated circuits.

Primary subfields include power engineering, which concerns generation, transmission and distribution; electrical machines and drives, focusing on motors and actuators and their control; electronics and circuit technology, dealing with semiconductors, circuits and instrumentation; and control systems and automation, which integrate sensors, controllers and software. Additional areas include high-voltage engineering, telecommunications, signal processing and metrology, as well as the integration of renewable energy and smart grids.

Historically, the field emerged in the late 19th century with the advent of electric power systems, transformers, electric machines and early electronics. It has since evolved through developments in materials, control theory, and digital computation.

Education in elektrotechnika is offered at universities and polytechnic institutions, leading to bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Research environments focus on power systems, electronics, automation, telecommunications and energy efficiency, often in collaboration with industry. The field underpins modern infrastructure, manufacturing and information technology.

In contemporary practice, elektrotechnika integrates with information and communication technologies to support smart grids, renewable energy integration, electric mobility, and reliable electrical safety standards. Ongoing work emphasizes efficiency, cybersecurity for power networks, and the development of advanced materials and devices.