Elektronset

Elektronset is a term used in several languages to refer to the collection of electrons associated with an atom, ion, or molecule in a given context. In English, the concept is usually described as the electron configuration or, when focusing on bonding, the valence electron set. The electron set comprises all electrons in the system, but in chemistry and solid-state physics the emphasis is often on the outer, or valence, electrons that participate in bonding and chemical reactivity.

The arrangement of electrons is governed by quantum mechanics. Electrons occupy shells and subshells (such as 1s, 2s, 2p, 3d, 4f) in a manner described by rules like the Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle. The resulting electron configuration can be written in shorthand or full notation, for example neon as 1s2 2s2 2p6, or iron as [Ar] 3d6 4s2. The distinction between core electrons and valence electrons is often made to simplify discussions of chemistry, since core electrons are typically chemically inert while valence electrons largely determine bonding patterns and oxidation states.

In molecules, the electron set can be partitioned further into core and valence subsets, and in solid-state contexts into conduction and valence electrons. Computational methods may also define specific electron sets, such as those used in core–valence partitioning or effective core potentials, to balance accuracy and computational cost. Overall, elektronset encompasses the electrons that define an atom’s or system’s electronic structure and behavior.