Elektrokonvulsiv

Elektrokonvulsiv, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a psychiatric treatment that induces a controlled brain seizure using brief electrical stimulation under anesthesia to relieve certain mood and psychotic conditions. It is typically considered when rapid symptom relief is needed or when other treatments have failed.

During a session, the patient receives anesthesia and a short-acting muscle relaxant. Electrodes placed on the scalp deliver an electrical pulse that triggers a generalized seizure lasting several seconds. A typical course consists of multiple sessions (often 6 to 12) over two to four weeks, with modern practice emphasizing safety and the quality of the induced seizure.

ECT is most effective for severe major depressive disorder, especially with psychotic features or suicidality, treatment-resistant depression, catatonia, and some manic episodes. It can provide rapid improvement when timely response is crucial or when medication options are limited or poorly tolerated.

Risks and side effects include anesthesia-related complications, transient memory loss and confusion, headaches, and muscle soreness. Memory impairment typically affects events around the treatment period and may be more noticeable with certain electrode placements, though cognitive effects are usually temporary.

History and outlook: ECT was developed in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini and has evolved with advances in anesthesia and technology. It remains a standard, evidence-based option when carefully indicated, with emphasis on informed consent and ongoing assessment of benefits and potential side effects.