Elektrofilním

Elektrofilním is a Czech term that translates to "electrophilic" in English. In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that is attracted to, and tends to react with, electron-rich centers. The name "electrophile" literally means "electron lover" from the Greek words "ēlektron" (electron) and "philos" (loving). Electrophiles are Lewis acids, meaning they are electron acceptors. They typically have a partial positive charge or a full positive charge, or they possess an incomplete valence shell, making them electron-deficient.

Common examples of electrophiles include positively charged ions such as H+, NO2+, and carbocations, as well as neutral molecules with a polar double or triple bond, like CO2, SO3, and halogens (e.g., Cl2, Br2) under certain conditions. Electrophilic reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry, playing a crucial role in processes like electrophilic addition to alkenes and alkynes, and electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. In these reactions, the electrophile attacks a region of high electron density, such as a pi bond or an aromatic ring, leading to the formation of a new covalent bond and often a substitution or addition product. The strength of an electrophile, its electrophilicity, is determined by its ability to accept electrons and its reactivity.