lover

A lover is a person who is romantically or sexually involved with another individual. The term is not restricted to formal or legally recognized relationships and is often used to describe a partner outside of marriage or a primary partnership, as well as a current romantic companion in more casual contexts. The word typically conveys strong affection or desire, and its precise implications depend on cultural norms, personal circumstance, and the nature of the relationship.

From Old English lufu, related to love, the term lover developed in Middle English to mean one who loves another. In medieval and early modern literature, it often carried connotations of secrecy or illicitness as well as passion. In modern usage, the sense has broadened to include a wide range of romantic partners, regardless of formal status.

In contemporary usage, 'lover' can refer to a long-term partner or a casual romantic interest, but it usually emphasizes intimacy or emotional intensity rather than official standing. It contrasts with terms such as 'partner' or 'spouse' that emphasize social or legal roles, while 'lover' emphasizes affection, attraction, and desire. The word can carry stigma in contexts of extramarital affairs, but it can also be used openly in literature, media, and everyday speech to describe a romantic relationship.

In culture and media, lovers are common archetypes representing romance, conflict, or transgression, appearing in novels, films, songs, and poetry. The concept also raises discussions about fidelity, consent, and contemporary relationship models, reflecting changing norms around romance and intimacy.