Elektrilõhete

Elektrilõhete, often translated as electric fissures or electrical cracks, refers to the phenomenon of electrical breakdown in insulating materials, leading to the formation of transient conductive pathways. This occurs when the applied electric field strength exceeds the dielectric strength of the material. The intense electric field can accelerate free electrons within the material, causing them to collide with atoms and ions, releasing more electrons in a cascading effect known as an avalanche breakdown.

These conductive pathways, or lõhete, can be very brief and localized, or they can propagate through the material. The resulting discharge can manifest in various forms, including partial discharges, corona discharges, or complete dielectric breakdown. The visual appearance of elektrilõhete can range from faint sparks to bright arcs, depending on the material, the energy involved, and the surrounding environment.

Factors influencing the formation of elektrilõhete include the material's dielectric strength, the presence of impurities or defects, the geometry of the electrodes, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. In some applications, such as lightning protection or spark plugs, controlled elektrilõhete are intentionally utilized. However, in many electrical and electronic systems, it is a detrimental failure mechanism that can lead to equipment damage and malfunction. Understanding and preventing elektrilõhete is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical systems.