Elektrilahendus

Elektrilahendus refers to the passage of an electric current through a medium that is normally an electrical insulator. This typically occurs when a sufficiently high voltage is applied across the insulator, causing it to break down and conduct electricity. The process can manifest in various forms, including arcs, sparks, and corona discharges.

Electrical breakdown is a complex phenomenon influenced by factors such as the type of insulating material, its temperature and pressure, the geometry of the electrodes, and the presence of impurities. For gases, breakdown often involves a cascade of ionization, where electrons collide with gas molecules, creating more free electrons and ions, which in turn cause further ionization.

Common examples of elektrilahendus include lightning, the electrical discharge that occurs when a high-voltage appliance malfunctions, and the operation of fluorescent lamps and neon signs. While some discharges are desirable and serve specific purposes, others can be destructive, leading to equipment damage or electrical fires. Understanding and controlling elektrilahendus is crucial in electrical engineering for designing safe and reliable electrical systems. The study of electrical breakdown is a key area in plasma physics and electrical engineering.