Elastomeriska

Elastomeriska describes materials or properties related to elastomers, polymers that can undergo large reversible deformations under stress and recover after load is removed. Elastomeric materials typically have a low modulus, high elongation, and strong resilience, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape repeatedly.

Composition and classes: The term covers natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) and a wide range of synthetic elastomers, including styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene, nitrile rubber (NBR), EPDM, silicone rubbers, fluorosilicone, and polyurethane elastomers. Each class has distinct temperature, chemical, and oil resistance, making them suitable for different uses. Crosslinking, often achieved through vulcanization with sulfur or via peroxide curing, creates a network that preserves elasticity while providing structural stability.

Properties: Elastomeric materials exhibit large strains before rupture, recoverable deformation, and notable energy dissipation. Performance depends on temperature, strain rate, and environment. Some elastomers maintain elasticity over wide temperature ranges, while others offer superior resistance to oils, solvents, or high temperatures. Mechanical properties are commonly characterized by hardness, tear resistance, elongation at break, and tensile strength.

Applications: Elastomeriska materials are widely used in seals, gaskets, tires, hoses, vibration dampers, medical devices, footwear, and consumer products. Medical-grade elastomers are formulated for biocompatibility and sterilization, often favoring silicones or specialized polyurethanes.

Processing and aging: Manufacturing involves extrusion, molding, and calendaring. End-of-life considerations include recycling and devulcanization. Aging due to ozone, UV, heat, and oxidation can reduce elasticity and strength, varying by formulation and service conditions.