Ekstrasystoli

Ekstrasystoli, also known as premature beats or ectopic beats, refers to heartbeats that occur too early in the cardiac cycle. These beats originate from a location other than the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node. Instead, they arise from an irritable area within the atria (atrial ekstrasystoli or PACs) or ventricles (ventricular ekstrasystoli or PVCs). While often benign and asymptomatic, they can sometimes be perceived as a skipped beat or a palpitation.

The exact cause of ekstrasystoli can vary. In many cases, they are considered a normal physiological variation, especially in individuals with no underlying heart disease. However, certain factors can trigger or exacerbate these premature beats. These include stress, anxiety, fatigue, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and certain medications. Electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium or magnesium, can also contribute. In some individuals, underlying heart conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease may be associated with more frequent or symptomatic ekstrasystoli.

Diagnosis of ekstrasystoli is typically made through an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. A Holter monitor, a portable ECG device worn for 24 to 48 hours, can capture intermittent or infrequent beats. Treatment for ekstrasystoli depends on the presence of symptoms and any underlying cardiac conditions. If the beats are asymptomatic and there is no structural heart disease, no treatment may be necessary. For symptomatic individuals or those with significant underlying heart issues, medications such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to suppress the premature beats. In rare, severe cases, other interventions might be considered.