Eksistentialism

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It suggests that humans are born without a predetermined purpose or essence, and that they must create their own meaning and values through their actions and decisions. Key existentialist thinkers include Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Simone de Beauvoir.

A central tenet of existentialism is the concept of "existence precedes essence." This means that individuals first exist and then, through their experiences and choices, define their own nature or essence. There is no inherent human nature or divine plan that dictates who one should be. This freedom, while liberating, also brings with it a profound sense of responsibility.

Existentialism often explores themes of anxiety, dread, and alienation, which arise from the awareness of one's freedom and the absence of external guidance. The individual is faced with the "burden of freedom" and the responsibility to choose authentically, even in the face of uncertainty and the possibility of making "wrong" choices.

The philosophy encourages individuals to confront the absurdity of existence, the lack of inherent meaning in the universe, and to create their own subjective meaning. This is achieved through engagement with the world, commitment to projects, and the formation of authentic relationships. Existentialism, therefore, calls for a life lived deliberately and with a deep understanding of personal responsibility.