Ekonomiji

Ekonomiji is the term used in some languages to refer to the field of economics, the social science that analyzes how people allocate scarce resources to satisfy wants. It investigates production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, and how markets coordinate decisions through prices, incentives, and information. The field combines theoretical models with empirical evidence to explain behavior of households, firms, and governments, and to assess policy outcomes.

Economics is commonly divided into microeconomics, which studies individual agents and markets, and macroeconomics, which examines the economy-wide aggregates such as GDP, inflation, and unemployment. Econometrics, which uses statistical methods to test theories and estimate relationships, is a key tool. Other subfields include development economics, international economics, behavioral economics, financial economics, environmental economics, health economics, and industrial organization.

Methodology includes mathematical modeling, data analysis, experiments, and natural experiments. Data sources include national accounts, price indices, household surveys, and firm data. Economic policy aims to improve welfare, efficiency, stability, and growth, balancing objectives like growth, equity, and sustainability. The discipline has a long history, from mercantilist and classical ideas to Keynesian, monetarist, and institutional perspectives, continuing to evolve with computational methods and big data.

Linguistic note: in languages such as Polish, ekononomi–e forms, including ekononomii, are case forms of the word for economy or economics, illustrating how the term appears in different grammatical contexts.