Earthburrowing

Earthburrowing is the behavior of animals that excavate tunnels or burrows in the ground. This activity serves various purposes, primarily for shelter, reproduction, and foraging. The act of burrowing involves displacing soil, which can be achieved through different methods depending on the animal's anatomy and the substrate. Some animals use their claws for digging, while others employ their teeth, snouts, or even their entire bodies.

Burrows provide a stable environment, protecting occupants from extreme temperatures, predators, and adverse weather conditions. They can be simple holes or complex networks of tunnels with specialized chambers for sleeping, storing food, and raising young. The size and complexity of burrows vary greatly, from the shallow scrapes of some insects to the extensive underground systems created by rodents and other mammals.

Animals that earthburrow are often referred to as fossorial. This term encompasses a wide range of species across various animal groups, including mammals like moles, groundhogs, and prairie dogs, as well as reptiles, amphibians, insects, and even some fish. The adaptations for burrowing often include strong limbs, powerful claws, and streamlined bodies. The process of soil displacement can also have significant ecological impacts, influencing soil aeration, drainage, and nutrient cycling.