ENummern

ENummern, often written as E-Nummern in German-language contexts, are codes used in the European Union to identify approved food additives on ingredient lists. The system helps standardize identification of additives across member states and provides a basis for safety evaluations and labeling.

In the EU, each additive with an E number has been evaluated for safety by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and authorized by the European Commission. Food products sold within the EU must typically display the corresponding E number (for example, E100, E200, E300) in addition to or instead of the common name of the additive. The labeling system aims to inform consumers and facilitate enforcement, while allowing manufacturers to specify permitted uses and maximum concentrations.

E numbers are grouped by function. Common ranges include E100–E199 for colors, E200–E299 for preservatives, E300–E399 for antioxidants and acidity regulators, E400–E499 for thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and related substances, E500–E599 for anti-caking and raising agents, and E600–E699 for flavor enhancers, among others. Examples include E100 (curcumin), E102 (tartrazine), E322 (lecithin), and E330 (citric acid). Not all additives are universally used; some have restricted uses or have been banned or phased out in the EU, such as E171 (titanium dioxide), which was prohibited in foods after safety reviews.

EFSA’s assessments establish acceptable daily intake (ADI) values and guide regulatory decisions. While E numbers provide a uniform coding system, interpretation for individual sensitivity varies, and some consumers seek plain-language labeling in addition to the E code.