ELKS

ELKS, short for Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset, is a small, open-source operating system derived from Linux. It provides a minimal Linux-like kernel and userland designed to run on very small computers, especially 8086-class PC hardware and their emulators. The project aims to enable a functioning Unix‑like environment in a compact memory footprint, making it suitable for retrocomputing, education, and embedded experimentation.

The ELKS architecture centers on a lightweight kernel and a concise set of user-space tools. It typically includes a simple initialization process, a basic shell, and essential utilities, along with a minimal file system and device support. The design emphasizes portability and simplicity, with efforts to support running in constrained environments such as real-mode x86 hardware or virtualized emulators.

History and development status: ELKS originated as a hobby project intended to demonstrate Linux-on-limited hardware and to provide a test bed for Linux-style userland in a small footprint. Over time, a community of contributors has continued development, expanding hardware support, tooling, and usability of the system. Development is ongoing, with updates and releases coordinated through common open-source channels.

Platform scope: ELKS runs on IBM PC‑compatible hardware from early eras and on emulators such as QEMU or Bochs. It serves primarily enthusiasts, educators, and researchers who are interested in observing how a Unix-like environment can be implemented under severe resource constraints and how Linux interfaces can be explored in a minimal setting.

Licensing: ELKS is released as free, open-source software under a permissive license.