E385

E385 is the European food additive designation for disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, commonly known as disodium EDTA. It is a synthetic chelating agent used as a sequestrant, stabilizer, and preservative in a variety of processed foods and beverages. By binding metal ions such as calcium, iron, and copper, E385 helps prevent unwanted color changes, texture breakdown, and oxidative spoilage, contributing to product stability and shelf life.

Chemically, disodium EDTA is the disodium salt form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In food applications, it functions primarily to complex metal ions that would otherwise catalyze oxidation or interact with other ingredients. Typical uses include cheeses, canned vegetables, dressings, fruit juices, beverages, and certain wines and condiments, though maximum permitted levels vary by product category and region.

Regulatory status and safety: In the European Union, disodium EDTA is permitted for use in accordance with good manufacturing practices and is labeled with the E number E385. Global safety evaluations by authorities such as JECFA and EFSA have concluded that an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for EDTA and its salts is not specified, reflecting low toxicity at typical dietary exposures. Nevertheless, EDTA can bind essential minerals, so excessive intake is discouraged, and individuals with kidney disease or on dialysis may be advised to limit exposure. As with all additives, E385 must be declared on ingredient lists.

See also: EDTA, E numbers, food additives.