E161b

E161b is a yellow-orange food coloring classified under the European Union’s E-number system for color additives. Its chemical name is beta-apo-8'-carotenal, an apocarotenoid derived from beta-carotene. It is fat-soluble and provides an orange-yellow hue that intensifies with concentration.

Common uses include dairy products such as cheese and spreads, margarine and other fats, snack foods, confectionery, sauces, and beverages where an orange hue is desired. It is frequently used in formulations together with other carotenoids to achieve the preferred color.

Production and sources: beta-apo-8'-carotenal is produced by oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene, a natural plant pigment, and is typically derived from vegetable carotenoids. As a carotenoid colorant, it can be sensitive to light and oxygen, but it is generally stable under typical food processing and storage conditions.

Regulatory status: In the European Union, E161b is approved as a food colorant under Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, with defined purity criteria and usage limits specified in implementing regulations. Foods containing E161b must carry appropriate labeling indicating the E-number. Use and permitted levels can vary by product category and jurisdiction.

Safety: Assessments by relevant authorities have found E161b to be safe at approved usage levels, with exposure dependent on product type and quantity consumed. Like other color additives, it is subject to regulation to ensure it remains within established limits and is not used in prohibited product categories in certain markets.

See also: other carotenoid colorants in the EU system, such as E160a (beta-carotene) and E160c (paprika extract).