E113

E113, also known as quinoline yellow, is a synthetic azo dye classified as a food coloring agent. It is primarily used in various food and beverage products to impart a bright yellow hue. The dye is derived from quinoline, an aromatic heterocyclic compound, and is characterized by its intense color and stability under different conditions.

Originally developed for industrial applications, E113 gained recognition in the food industry for its ability to enhance the visual appeal of certain products. It is commonly found in candies, desserts, and some processed foods, particularly in regions where it is permitted for use. The dye is also utilized in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, though its application in these areas is more limited compared to its use in food.

Regulatory status varies by country. In the European Union, E113 is approved for use in food under strict conditions, with maximum limits set to ensure safety. However, it has been banned or restricted in several other regions, including parts of Asia and Australia, due to concerns over potential health effects. Some studies suggest possible links to allergic reactions or hyperactivity in children, though scientific consensus remains debated.

Chemically, E113 is soluble in water and alcohol, which contributes to its versatility in food formulations. Its structure includes nitrogen atoms bonded to aromatic rings, which contribute to its vibrant color. Despite its widespread use, manufacturers often opt for alternatives like tartrazine (E102) or sunset yellow (E110) due to varying regulatory acceptance and consumer preferences.

In summary, E113 is a synthetic dye with a history of use in food coloring, though its application is subject to ongoing scrutiny and regulation. Its presence in products depends largely on regional food safety standards and consumer demand.