DünndarmMotilitätsstörungen

Dünndarmmotilität refers to the coordinated muscular contractions of the small intestine that propel food and digestive juices through the digestive tract. This process is essential for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. The small intestine's wall contains layers of smooth muscle that contract rhythmically. These contractions are regulated by a complex interplay of neural and hormonal signals.

The primary types of duodenal motility include segmentation and peristalsis. Segmentation involves localized contractions that mix the chyme with digestive enzymes and bile, facilitating nutrient absorption. Peristalsis, on the other hand, is a wave-like contraction that moves the chyme forward along the length of the small intestine. The migrating motor complex, or MMC, is a pattern of contractions that occurs between meals, sweeping residual material from the small intestine into the large intestine.

Disruptions in dündarmmotilität can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders. Impaired motility can cause conditions like gastroparesis, where stomach emptying is delayed, or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), where bacteria proliferate abnormally in the small intestine. Conversely, excessively rapid motility can result in malabsorption and diarrhea. Factors influencing dündarmmotilität include diet, stress, medications, and underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or neurological disorders. Medical evaluation and management often focus on addressing the underlying cause of motility dysfunction and employing strategies to restore normal intestinal function.