dündarmmotilität

Dündarmotilität refers to the coordinated muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the small and large intestines, that propel food and waste products through the digestive system. This process is essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and the elimination of undigested material. The motile activity of the intestines is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic neural control, as well as hormonal signals.

Intrinsic control originates from the enteric nervous system, a network of neurons within the intestinal wall. This system generates basic patterns of motility, such as segmentation and peristalsis. Segmentation involves localized contractions that mix the chyme, while peristalsis is a wave-like contraction that propels the contents forward. Extrinsic control is provided by the autonomic nervous system, with the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches influencing the rate and intensity of intestinal contractions. Hormones like gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin also play a role in modulating motile patterns in response to the presence of food.

Disruptions in dündarmotilität can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders. For example, slowed motility can result in constipation, while excessively rapid motility may cause diarrhea. Conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroparesis, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction are characterized by abnormal intestinal movement. The assessment of dündarmotilität can involve methods like manometry, imaging studies, and transit time measurements. Understanding and addressing issues with intestinal motility are crucial for maintaining digestive health.