Dündarmotilität

Dündarmotilität refers to the muscular contractions of the intestines that propel food and waste through the digestive tract. This complex process, also known as intestinal motility, is essential for nutrient absorption and waste elimination. The smooth muscles in the intestinal walls contract and relax in a coordinated manner, creating waves of movement called peristalsis. These waves push the digested material forward.

In addition to peristalsis, other types of contractions contribute to dündarmotilität. Segmentation contractions mix the intestinal contents with digestive juices, increasing contact with the intestinal lining for better absorption. Haustral churning, specific to the large intestine, also aids in mixing and water absorption. The speed and intensity of these contractions are regulated by a combination of intrinsic nerve networks within the gut wall (the enteric nervous system) and external signals from the central nervous system and hormones.

Disruptions in dündarmotilität can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders. If the intestines move too slowly, it can cause constipation and bloating. Conversely, excessively rapid motility can result in diarrhea and malabsorption. Conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroparesis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often associated with abnormal intestinal motility. Treatment for motility disorders typically involves addressing the underlying cause, dietary changes, medications to stimulate or slow motility, and sometimes surgical interventions.