Dysenteria

Dysenteria, commonly known as dysentery, is an intestinal inflammation, primarily affecting the colon, that is characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood, mucus, and pus. This condition is typically caused by infection with specific bacteria, most commonly Shigella species, or amoebas such as Entamoeba histolytica. These pathogens lead to inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal lining.

Symptoms of dysentery usually appear suddenly and include abdominal pain, cramping, fever, nausea, and vomiting, in addition to the characteristic bloody diarrhea. Dehydration is a significant risk, especially in young children and the elderly, due to the severe fluid and electrolyte loss.

Transmission of dysentery often occurs through the fecal-oral route, typically via contaminated food or water, or through direct person-to-person contact in environments with poor sanitation. Diagnosis is usually made through medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, such as stool samples to identify the causative organism.

Treatment focuses on rehydration and antibiotics or antiparasitic medications, depending on the identified cause. Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as thorough handwashing and ensuring safe food and water sources, are crucial for prevention. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage dehydration and complications.