Dyesub

Dye-sub, short for dye-sublimation printing, is a digital printing technology that uses heat to transfer dye-based inks from a carrier paper to a polymer-coated or polyester substrate. The inks are formulated to sublimate, moving directly from solid to gas under heat, and then bonding with the substrate to form a durable, full-color image.

The process typically involves creating or selecting a design, printing it onto sublimation transfer paper with dye-sub inks, and then applying heat and pressure with a heat press. The substrate must be polyester or have a polymer coating for the ink to bond properly. Natural fabrics such as 100% cotton do not readily accept dye-sub inks unless special coatings are applied.

Common substrates include 100% polyester fabrics, polyester blends, polymer-coated ceramics (mugs and tiles), coated metals, plastics, and specially prepared phone cases and signage. The method works best on light or white backgrounds, since the dyes print transparently; dark surfaces usually require a white underbase or a different method to achieve opacity.

Advantages of dyesub include bright, vibrant colors, a soft hand on textiles, and strong wash durability for printed garments. It enables high-resolution photographic output and full-color images. Disadvantages include limited suitability to polyester or coated surfaces, sensitivity to heat and moisture, and higher initial equipment costs. Substrate color and quality can influence color accuracy and longevity.

Dye-sub has become a standard method for customized apparel, promotional items, and decorative products, balancing rapid production with high-quality color reproduction.