Drupal

Drupal is an open-source content management framework written in PHP. It is used to build and manage websites and web applications and is developed by a global community under the oversight of the Drupal Association. The platform emphasizes flexibility, scalability, and accessibility for a wide range of sites—from personal blogs to large enterprise portals.

Drupal's architecture is modular. Core functionality can be extended with contributed modules and themes. The system supports content types, fields, taxonomy, menus, user roles and permissions, and workflows. The Views module enables dynamic lists and pages without custom coding. Drupal also supports multilingual content and robust access control, editorial workflows, and media handling.

Under the hood, Drupal uses a database backend such as MySQL/MariaDB or PostgreSQL and leverages modern PHP components and the Twig templating engine. Since Drupal 8, the project has incorporated components from the Symfony framework, improving developer experience and interoperability. Drupal also offers RESTful and JSON:API services for decoupled or headless architectures.

The ecosystem includes thousands of contributed modules and themes covering e-commerce, search, media management, security, and site administration. The Drupal Association coordinates community governance and events; the project is maintained by volunteers and organizations worldwide.

Licensing is under the GNU General Public License. Drupal has been widely adopted by governments, higher education, media, and other organizations seeking a scalable, customizable CMS and application framework.