Drucksprühdüsen

Drucksprühdüsen, also known as pressure spray nozzles, are devices that convert the kinetic energy of a fluid under pressure into a high-speed spray for various industrial and domestic applications. The design of a pressure sprühdüse typically consists of a nozzle tip, an inlet chamber, and a diffuser or nozzle pattern that shapes the liquid jet. When fluid is forced through the narrow orifice, Bernoulli’s principle causes a pressure drop and the fluid accelerates to generate a fine mist or a concentrated stream, depending on the intended use.

The principle of operation can be described by the orifice equation Q = C_d A √(2 ΔP/ρ), where Q is the volumetric flow, ΔP the pressure differential, ρ the fluid density, A the cross‑sectional area of the orifice, and C_d the discharge coefficient. The geometry of the spray pattern—reverse, mist, stream, or fan—is determined by the nozzle tip shape and the multiplicity of jets. The nozzle also often includes a sealing mechanism or an adjustable collar that allows the operator to control the spray angle and pressure.

Applications span from water‑based cleaning systems such as pressure washers, automotive paint booths, and industrial washing machines, to chemical or food processing where sizing and uniformity of droplets are critical. In water‑jet cutting, a pressure sprühdüse delivers a high‑velocity impingement jet that erodes material. Medical devices also use specialized sprühdüsen for spray‑on wound dressings or nebulization. Because the fluid velocity is a function of pump pressure, the nozzle must be designed to withstand the corresponding shear stresses and potential cavitation.

Material selection is crucial; stainless steel, titanium, and specific polymers such as PTFE or PEEK are common due to their strength, corrosion resistance, and non‑stick properties. Standardization bodies like the ISO and DIN define dimensions, pressure ratings, and test methods for spray nozzles, ensuring interchangeable parts in large‑scale plants.

Despite their versatility, sprühdüsen can suffer from clogging, especially when used with abrasive or ink‑laden fluids. Regular maintenance, periodic cleaning, or the use of filtrated feedlines reduces downtime. Recent developments include piezoelectric nozzles that generate pulsed sprays for improved material deposition and fine‑control in additive manufacturing.