Doves

Doves are birds belonging to the family Columbidae, which also includes pigeons. In common usage, "dove" refers to smaller species, while "pigeon" is used for larger ones; both groups are often collectively called pigeons or doves. They occur worldwide and inhabit a range of habitats, including forests, deserts, wetlands, and urban areas.

They are stout-bodied birds with short necks, short slender bills, and relatively small heads. Plumage varies among species; many display muted browns and grays, while some have iridescent feathers on the neck. They typically have strong flight but a tendency to walk and forage on the ground for seeds.

They feed mainly on seeds and fruits, with some species taking small invertebrates during breeding. They usually forage in flocks and return to near their nests to feed their young. Reproduction generally involves simple ground nests or ledges; females lay one or two eggs, and both parents incubate and care for the young. Offspring develop rapidly, with fledging occurring within a few weeks.

Doves are found on all continents except Antarctica. They have adapted to many human-modified landscapes, and some species, such as the rock dove (Columba livia) and the mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), are familiar in towns and cities. Humans have domesticated doves for centuries, and pigeons have been used as message carriers and companions. Doves are symbols of peace in many cultures. Conservation status varies by species; most are of least concern, though several species are threatened by habitat loss and other pressures.