Dorada

Dorada, also known as gilt-head bream, is a fish species in the family Sparidae. The scientific name is Sparus aurata. It is a demersal coastal marine fish widely distributed in the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.

Habitat and distribution: Dorada inhabits shallow coastal waters and estuaries, often near seagrass beds and rocky substrates. Juveniles use brackish inlets, while adults are found along calm, warm coastlines. It tolerates a range of salinities and temperatures, and has been widely introduced to aquaculture systems.

Description and biology: Dorada has a laterally compressed body with a distinct head and a silver body that may display a golden sheen. It possesses a single dorsal fin with spines and a small dark blotch behind the gill cover. The species is omnivorous, feeding on mollusks, crustaceans, and algae. Typical commercial sizes range from 20 to 35 cm, with individuals reaching up to about 65 cm in length.

Reproduction and growth: Spawning occurs mainly in warmer months, and eggs are pelagic. Juvenile and early life stages develop in coastal habitats, with maturity commonly reached at 2–3 years. Lifespan can extend beyond a decade under favorable conditions.

Fisheries and conservation: Dorada is an important target for both artisanal and commercial fisheries and is widely farmed in Mediterranean aquaculture, using sea cages and recirculating systems. The IUCN Red List classifies Sparus aurata as Least Concern, reflecting its broad distribution and current population status, though local pressures from overfishing and habitat degradation can occur. They are valued for their white, firm flesh and mild flavor, making them popular in Mediterranean cuisine.