Dicranaceae

Dicranaceae is a family of mosses belonging to the order Dicranales. This family is characterized by its typically straight or slightly curved leaves, often with a prominent midrib that extends to the apex. The sporophyte, which consists of a seta and a capsule, is also a key feature used in identification. The capsule is usually erect and ovate or cylindrical, and it dehisces by a distinct peristome with teeth that are often split or cribrose.

The family Dicranaceae is widespread, found in diverse habitats ranging from tropical forests to arctic tundra. Many species prefer moist, shaded environments, often growing on soil, rocks, or decaying wood. Some species are adapted to drier conditions, while others can tolerate waterlogged areas. The family is particularly diverse in temperate and tropical regions.

Genera within Dicranaceae include Dicranum, Campylopus, and Trematodon. Dicranum is a large genus with many species recognized by their robust habit and long, tapering leaves. Campylopus is distinguished by its often wiry stems and leaves with a distinct, often hair-like apex. Trematodon is notable for its unique, enlarged capsule mouth. The classification of genera and species within Dicranaceae is based on a combination of morphological characteristics, including leaf structure, sporophyte features, and sometimes reproductive organs. Ongoing research, including molecular phylogenetic studies, continues to refine our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within this family.