Diatomeekieselguhr

Diatomeekieselguhr, commonly known as diatomaceous earth, is a natural, soft sedimentary rock composed primarily of the silica-based skeletons of diatoms, a group of microscopic algae. In its purified form it is an amorphous silica powder with a high porosity and surface area.

Its composition is mainly silicon dioxide (SiO2) with water and trace minerals; its microstructure consists of frustules that create sharp edges, making it both abrasive and adsorptive. It forms as diatoms accumulate in aquatic environments, ultimately becoming sedimentary deposits that are mined and processed for industrial use.

Common uses include filtration aid for beverages (beer, wine, juice), oils, and syrups; it clarifies and stabilizes liquids by trapping fine particulates. It is also used as a coarse abrasive in polishes, as a filler in plastics and paints, and as an absorbent for spills. Diatomaceous earth is used as a mechanical insecticide: when dry, the sharp silica particles abrade insect cuticles, causing dehydration and death.

Safety: Handling requires dust control; inhalation of silica-containing dust can irritate the respiratory tract. Food-grade or pharmaceutical-grade deposits are treated to meet purity standards for ingestion and contact with consumables. Environmental impacts are generally low due to inertness, but silica dust can contribute to air pollution if mishandled.

Name and terminology: in German, Kieselguhr or Diatomeenkieselguhr directly refers to the diatomaceous material; "diatomaceous earth" is the English equivalent. It has been used in various industries since the 19th century and remains a versatile material in filtration, polishing, and as a functional filler.