Dglukoosina

D-glucosamine is an amino sugar derived from glucose. In chemical terms it is 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and the D-enantiomer is the form most commonly encountered in biology and commerce. In humans it is produced endogenously and serves as a building block for glycosaminoglycans, which are components of cartilage and other connective tissues.

Dietary supplements labeled glucosamine are usually derived from shellfish shells or produced synthetically. The most common commercial forms are glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride, with a less frequently used form being N-acetylglucosamine. Sulfate forms are often marketed with chondroitin sulfate. The content of elemental glucosamine can vary between salt forms, which is relevant for dosing.

The principal use of glucosamine in medicine is for osteoarthritis. Systematic reviews have found that, for some individuals, glucosamine provides modest improvements in pain and joint function, particularly in knee osteoarthritis, but effects are inconsistent across studies and the supplement is not proven to slow structural progression of the disease. It is sometimes used as part of a joint-health regimen, often alongside chondroitin sulfate.

Safety and regulation: glucosamine is generally well tolerated, with occasional gastrointestinal upset, heartburn, or nausea. People with shellfish allergies should exercise caution and consult a clinician, though pure synthetic glucosamine is often used by individuals with allergies. Potential interactions exist with anticoagulants such as warfarin, which may alter blood-clotting parameters; diabetes or glucose regulation concerns should be discussed with a healthcare provider due to uncertain effects on blood sugar. It is sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement and is not regulated as a drug; product quality can vary, so consumers may seek third-party testing or reputable brands.