Detritici

Detritici (commonly called detritivores) are organisms that feed on dead and decomposing organic matter known as detritus. They consume plant litter, animal remains, feces and other organic debris, breaking it into smaller particles and making nutrients available to microbes and plants. The term derives from Latin detritus, meaning "worn away."

Detritici occur across many taxonomic groups, including invertebrates such as earthworms, millipedes, isopods, amphipods, woodlice, termite and some beetle species, as well as certain fish and crustaceans that ingest sediment. Microorganisms—fungi and bacteria—perform chemical decomposition of detritus and are often distinguished as decomposers, while detritivores are credited with the mechanical fragmentation and ingestion of organic material.

Ecologically, detritici play a central role in nutrient cycling, energy flow and soil formation. By breaking down litter and incorporating organic matter into soil, they enhance aeration, water retention and fertility, and they transfer energy from dead organic matter to higher trophic levels when preyed upon. In aquatic systems, detritici contribute to the processing of particulate organic matter and influence carbon and nutrient fluxes.

Human relevance includes their use in composting and waste management and their value as bioindicators of habitat condition. Detritici populations are sensitive to habitat alteration, pollution and changes in land use, which can affect ecosystem functioning and nutrient dynamics.