Detonate

Detonation is the rapid release of energy in certain materials, accompanied by the formation and propagation of a shock wave through the material and into the surrounding environment. In a detonation, the chemical or physical reaction front travels through the substance faster than the local speed of sound, producing an abrupt rise in pressure and temperature and driving a high-pressure front ahead of the reacting material. This behavior distinguishes detonation from deflagration, where combustion proceeds at subsonic speeds and relies on heat transfer rather than a shock wave.

Detonation velocities vary by substance. High explosives typically exhibit detonation velocities on the order of several kilometers per second, with values commonly reported in a range roughly between 6 and 9 km/s depending on composition and confinement. The resulting blast effect depends on energy release, confinement, and geometry, influencing damage patterns in surrounding materials.

Etymology and usage: the term detonation derives from Latin detonare, meaning to thunder down or strike with a loud noise. In practical terms, detonation is a fundamental concept in explosives science and is relevant to mining, demolition, military applications, and propulsion research. It is subject to stringent safety standards and regulatory controls.

Safety and regulation: handling energetic materials is strictly regulated and requires specialized training, licensing, and appropriate facilities. Unauthorized use poses serious risks of injury, environmental harm, and legal penalties.