Dermolipoma

Dermolipoma is a benign congenital tumor composed of adipose tissue and dermal elements. It is a type of choristoma, which is a tumor made of tissue that is not normally found in that location. Dermolipomas are typically found in the orbit, specifically on the conjunctiva or sclera, and often appear as yellowish, soft masses. They can vary in size and may be associated with other ocular abnormalities.

The exact cause of dermolipomas is not fully understood, but they are believed to arise from misplaced tissue during embryonic development. While generally asymptomatic, larger dermolipomas can cause irritation, dryness, or a foreign body sensation. They may also affect vision if they grow large enough to obstruct the pupil or cause astigmatism.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination of the eye. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to further assess the size and extent of the tumor, especially if it is deeply situated. Histopathological examination of excised tissue confirms the diagnosis.

Treatment for symptomatic dermolipomas usually involves surgical excision. The goal is to completely remove the tumor while preserving surrounding ocular structures and minimizing the risk of recurrence. In most cases, surgical removal is curative, and patients experience relief from their symptoms. Dermolipomas are not cancerous and do not metastasize.