Dermestids

Dermestids are a family of beetles, Dermestidae, within the order Coleoptera. They are small to medium in size, typically 2–12 mm, with oval bodies and often dense hairs or scales that give a mottled appearance. Many species have antennae with lamellate clubs, and larvae are usually hairy and well adapted to feeding on dry animal materials.

Dermestids are primarily scavengers, feeding on dried animal matter such as skin, hair, feathers, dried insects, and, in some cases, stored products. Some species also feed on pollen or plant materials. They undergo complete metamorphosis, with egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Larvae are typically responsible for most of the feeding damage, and development rates vary with temperature and food availability.

Distribution and habitat are worldwide, with higher prevalence in warm, dry indoor environments where animal-based materials are present. They are common in natural settings where carcasses and nests are available, and they are well known for infesting museums, archival collections, furs, leather goods, textiles, and stored foods.

Economic and scientific relevance is mixed. Dermestids are notable pests of natural history museums, libraries, textile stores, and households, where they can damage taxidermy specimens, skulls, dried specimens, fur garments, and woolens. Some species, however, are used in a controlled manner to clean bones or prepare specimens for museums and research by removing soft tissues.

Management emphasizes prevention and sanitation. Strategies include thorough cleaning, proper storage in sealed containers, reducing humidity, and regular inspection. Treatments may involve freezing, heat, vacuuming, laundering, and, in severe cases, professional pest-management programs with targeted insecticides or traps.