Dermatofüütidest

Dermatofüütidest refers to a group of fungi that cause superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails. These fungi are known as dermatophytes and are characterized by their ability to invade keratinized tissues. The most common genera of dermatophytes include Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. These fungi are typically found in the environment, on soil, or as commensals on human and animal skin. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated surfaces.

The infections caused by dermatophytes are collectively known as dermatophytosis or tinea. The clinical presentation of dermatophytosis varies depending on the site of infection and the specific fungal species involved. Common forms include tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea unguium (onychomycosis, or fungal nail infection). Symptoms often include itching, redness, scaling, and sometimes blistering or pustule formation.

Diagnosis of dermatophytosis is usually made based on clinical appearance and confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to visualize fungal elements, or by fungal culture. Treatment typically involves topical antifungal medications for localized infections, while more extensive or persistent infections may require oral antifungal therapy. Prevention strategies focus on good hygiene practices, such as keeping skin dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and treating infected individuals and animals promptly.