Dependents

Dependents are individuals who rely on another person for financial support or other essential needs and who may be considered for certain benefits, credits, or legal obligations by the payer or sponsor. The term is used in various legal, financial, and governmental contexts to indicate a reliance that may affect rights and responsibilities.

Most systems establish criteria to determine who qualifies as a dependent. Common factors include a specific relationship to the payer (for example, child or relative), age or student status, residency in the payer’s household, and the degree of financial support provided. In many jurisdictions, there are separate rules for dependents who are children versus those who are adult relatives with limited income or disability.

Contexts in which dependents are relevant include taxation, social welfare, and legal matters. In taxation, dependents can affect eligibility for credits or deductions, though the specifics vary by country. In social welfare and insurance programs, dependents may be eligible for payments or benefits, and program rules may determine who can be claimed and under what conditions. In family law, dependency can influence custody arrangements, guardianship, and support obligations.

Examples of dependents include a biological or adopted child, a spouse who relies on the payer for support, an elderly parent, or a relative with a disability who lives with and is primarily supported by the claimant.

Documentation to establish dependency typically includes proof of relationship (birth or adoption certificates), residency, and records of financial support, such as tax filings, bank statements, or caregiving arrangements. The concept and requirements of dependence vary by jurisdiction and program.