Deliktumok

Deliktumok is a term used in law to denote civil wrongs or delicts that generate liability for damages. Rooted in the Latin delictum meaning offense, the term is common in continental civil-law traditions and in comparative law discussions; in English-language scholarship it is often equated with the tort category of civil wrongs.

Deliktum refers to non-contractual obligations that arise when a wrongful act or omission breaches a legal duty and causes harm to another person or property. The core elements typically include unlawfulness, fault (intent or negligence), causation, and damage. Some systems also require a demonstrable foreseeability or a specific harmful result.

Distinctions: Delicta are separate from contract-based obligations; a delict arises independently of any contract between the parties. However, a single act can give rise to both a contract remedy and a delict remedy in some jurisdictions.

Liability and remedies: A successful delict claim usually seeks damages to compensate the harmed party, and may include other measures such as restitution, restoration, or injunctions to prevent further harm. In some jurisdictions, delicts may be categorized as intentional (dolus) or negligent (culpa) delicts, and some forms of strict liability exist.

Examples: negligence causing injury or property damage, defamation, nuisance, or trespass. Product liability or professional malpractice also fall under delictual liability under many civil codes.

Relation to crimes: In civil law, delictum typically refers to civil wrongs rather than criminal offenses, which are pursued by the state. Nevertheless, the same Latin term or related terminology can appear in criminological or historical discussions.