Delegitimization

Delegitimization is the process by which a claimant, policy, institution, or actor is portrayed as lacking legitimacy or rightful authority. In political and social contexts, legitimacy refers to the broad acceptance that an entity’s claims, actions, or rule are appropriate, justifiable, and entitled to obedience or support. Delegitimization is not simply disagreement; it is an attempt to undermine the underlying acceptance that legitimizes power, authority, or status.

The term covers a range of practices. Rhetorically, actors label opponents as illegitimate, corrupt, or undemocratic. Institutionally, organizations and states may refuse to recognize a government, withdraw diplomatic ties, or impose sanctions. Legally, procedural arguments about compliance with rules or norms can be used to challenge a regime’s authority. In media and information contexts, framing, propaganda, and selective reporting aim to shape perceptions of who deserves legitimacy. Internationally, non-recognition or diplomatic isolation can delegitimate a government on the world stage. Social movements may mobilize to delegitimate a regime by protests and civil resistance, signaling that consent to rule is absent.

Delegitimization can influence political outcomes by reducing compliance, eroding social and political support, and contributing to instability or transitions. It is often contested: supporters may view delegitimizing actions as unlawful or destabilizing, while critics may see them as necessary checks on power. Because legitimacy is context-dependent, delegitimization is dynamic and reversible, varying with political, legal, and social developments.