Deafblind

Deafblindness refers to a condition in which a person has significant combined hearing and vision loss that limits access to information and communication and hinders mobility. It is not a single diagnosis but a spectrum, with individuals having varying levels of residual sight or hearing and different ages of onset.

Deafblindness may be present from birth or acquired later in life. Causes include genetic conditions such as Usher syndrome; congenital infections; age-related sensory decline; and acquired illnesses or injuries such as meningitis, stroke, or trauma. The specific combination of impairments and the remaining senses shape the needs of each person.

Communication for people who are deafblind often relies on tactile methods (such as tactile signing, finger spelling on the hand, or modified sign systems), adapted Braille, or print-on-palm approaches, plus residual hearing or vision when available. People use orientation and mobility training, specialized education and supports, and assistive technologies such as vibrating or flashing alert systems, as well as services from interpreters and therapists. Independence can be supported by early intervention, individualized planning, and access to inclusive services.

Organizations and professionals emphasize person-centered planning and collaboration among audiologists, vision specialists, speech and language therapists, and disability services to maximize communication and participation in daily life and the community.