Dataproteksi

Dataproteksi is the field of protecting personal data and privacy in information processing. It covers legal requirements, technical safeguards, and organizational practices designed to prevent misuse, unauthorized access, or disclosure of data, while allowing legitimate data use by organizations.

Key concepts include personal data, information about an identifiable person; data processing, any operation on data such as collection, storage, analysis, transfer, or deletion; data controllers and processors, who determine or handle processing on behalf of controllers; and data subjects, whose rights are protected.

Core principles include lawfulness, fairness, and transparency; purpose limitation; data minimization; accuracy; storage limitation; integrity and confidentiality; and accountability.

Legal frameworks vary by jurisdiction but share goals. The EU's GDPR is a leading model, regulating processing and requiring lawful bases, breach notification, and data subject rights. Other regimes include HIPAA and state-level laws like CCPA/CPRA in the United States, LGPD in Brazil, and PIPEDA in Canada. International transfers rely on adequacy decisions or safeguards such as standard contractual clauses.

Data subjects have rights to access, rectify, erase, restrict processing, data portability, object to processing, and, in some cases, automated decision-making. Organizations must implement appropriate security measures, conduct data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing, maintain records, and appoint a data protection officer where required.

Enforcement rests with national or regional data protection authorities, which can investigate and impose penalties. Ongoing concerns in dataproteksi include privacy by design, risk-based governance, and responsible use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence.