Darabinitol

Darabinitol, commonly referred to as D-arabinitol, is a pentitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from arabinose. It exists as enantiomers, with the D-form being the most commonly encountered in nature. Its chemical formula is C5H12O5, and it is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

D-arabinitol is produced by a range of microorganisms, notably fungi such as Candida species, during the metabolism of sugars. It can also occur in trace amounts in certain plant and fungal materials. In humans, endogenous production is minimal, but urinary levels of D-arabinitol have been studied as a potential biomarker for invasive fungal infections, particularly when considered alongside the L enantiomer.

Detection and use: D-arabinitol can be quantified in urine and other biological fluids by chromatographic methods, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry or high-performance liquid chromatography, often following derivatization. The diagnostic utility commonly relies on the ratio of D-arabinitol to L-arabinitol to help account for dietary or other sources, though clinical results are variable and influenced by factors such as renal function and antifungal therapy.

Related information: Arabinitol is part of the broader family of sugar alcohols, or polyols, that includes compounds such as xylitol and ribitol. Like other sugar alcohols, high dietary intake can cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals.