Daganatos

Daganatos is the term used in some languages to denote cancer, a group of diseases characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth with potential to invade nearby tissues or spread to distant parts of the body (metastasis). Not all daganatos form solid tumors; leukemias and some lymphomas grow mainly in blood or lymphatic tissue.

Causes and risk factors include genetic mutations that disrupt cell cycle control. These changes may be inherited or acquired through environmental exposures such as tobacco, alcohol, certain infections, ultraviolet radiation, occupational carcinogens, aging, obesity, and physical inactivity. Cancers typically result from multiple interacting factors.

Major categories are carcinomas (epithelial), sarcomas (connective tissue), leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, germ cell tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. Cancers are staged to describe extent of local growth and spread, guiding treatment.

Symptoms vary by site; common signs include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, new lumps, pain, or changes in organ function. Screening programs exist for several cancers to allow earlier detection.

Diagnosis combines imaging, laboratory tests, and tissue biopsy with pathology. Treatments are often multimodal and may include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or stem cell transplantation, depending on type and stage.

Prognosis ranges from curable to chronic or progressive, influenced by cancer type, stage at diagnosis, and biology. Prevention focuses on risk-factor modification, vaccination against cancer-related infections (e.g., HPV, hepatitis B), and participation in screening programs.