DSC1DSC3

DSC1 and DSC3 refer to desmocollin-1 and desmocollin-3, members of the desmosomal cadherin family. They are calcium-dependent cell‑cell adhesion proteins located in desmosomes, specialized intercellular junctions that provide mechanical strength to tissues subjected to stress. Together with other desmosomal components, DSC1 and DSC3 help connect neighboring cells and link to the cytoskeleton.

Molecular structure and interactions: Desmocollins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins with an extracellular domain containing cadherin repeats that mediate adhesion, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail that interacts with plaque proteins such as plakophilins and desmoplakin, anchoring to intermediate filaments. They can form trans-dimeric interfaces with other desmosomal cadherins across adjacent cells and participate in the assembly of desmosomes.

Expression patterns and function: DSC1 is enriched in stratified squamous epithelia, including the skin and esophagus, supporting epidermal cohesion. DSC3 is expressed in a broad range of epithelia, including skin and mucous membranes, and often co-expressed with DSC1. Together they contribute to tissue integrity, wound healing, and resilience to mechanical stress.

Clinical relevance: Altered expression or mutations in desmocollins have been described in skin disorders characterized by defective adhesion and in studies of desmosomal diseases. Changes in desmosomal components, including those involving DSC1 and DSC3, are also considered in the broader context of cardiomyopathies associated with desmosomal dysfunction.

See also: desmosomes, desmogleins, desmoplakin.