DNAröðun
DNAröðun, or DNA sequencing, is the laboratory technique used to determine the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. The information obtained reveals the genetic instructions encoded in the sequence of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine bases and forms the basis for understanding genes, regulation, and genome structure.
Historically, Sanger sequencing, developed by Frederick Sanger and colleagues, uses chain-termination chemistry to generate labeled fragments
Next-generation sequencing technologies enable massively parallel sequencing, producing millions to billions of reads. Major platforms include
In a typical workflow, DNA is prepared in a library, sequenced in a run, and the resulting
DNAröðun has wide applications in clinical diagnostics, cancer genomics, infectious disease surveillance, population genetics, agriculture, and
The technique has evolved since the 1970s, with rapid advances in sequencing speed, read length, and accessibility,