Cágados

Cágados, commonly known as turtles, are reptiles belonging to the order Testudines, characterized by their bony shells that serve as protective armor. The term "cágados" is a Portuguese-derived word used primarily in some Spanish-speaking regions, particularly in parts of Latin America, to refer to freshwater turtles. These animals are found on every continent except Antarctica, inhabiting diverse environments such as forests, deserts, grasslands, and aquatic ecosystems.

Turtles possess a unique anatomical feature: a shell composed of two main parts, the carapace (dorsal) and the plastron (ventral), which are fused to the rib cage and spine. Their diet varies widely depending on the species, with some being herbivorous, others carnivorous, and a few omnivorous. Freshwater turtles, such as the common mud turtle or the red-eared slider, often feed on plants, insects, fish, and small aquatic creatures.

Reproduction in turtles typically involves internal fertilization, with females laying eggs on land. The incubation period and sex determination of hatchlings can vary significantly between species, often influenced by temperature. Many turtle species face threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and illegal wildlife trade, leading to conservation concerns. Efforts to protect these animals include habitat preservation, anti-poaching measures, and captive breeding programs.

Cágados play important ecological roles, such as controlling insect populations, dispersing seeds, and serving as prey for larger predators. Their longevity—some species can live over a century—makes them valuable indicators of environmental health. Public awareness and education about turtle conservation are essential to ensuring their survival for future generations.