Cystodermataceae

Cystodermataceae is a family of fungi within the order Agaricales. This family is characterized by the presence of cystidia, which are specialized sterile cells found in the hymenium. Species within Cystodermataceae typically produce mushrooms with a cap, gills, and a stem. Many members of this family have a powdery or granular surface on their caps, often due to the presence of inflated hyphal cells. The gills are generally free from the stem and can be white or cream-colored.

The family currently contains only one genus, Cystoderma. This genus includes species commonly known as "false puffballs" or "powder caps" due to their characteristic cap surface. Cystoderma species are often found in terrestrial habitats, growing on soil, leaf litter, or decaying wood. They are distributed worldwide, with a notable presence in temperate regions.

Nutritionally, Cystoderma species are saprotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter. Their ecological role involves contributing to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. While some species may resemble edible mushrooms, many are considered inedible or even toxic, and identification by experts is crucial for any consideration of consumption. Research into the phylogenetic relationships of Cystodermataceae has placed it within the Agaricales, though its precise placement and relationship to other families are subjects of ongoing study. The microscopic features, particularly the structure and presence of cystidia, are key diagnostic characteristics used in identifying members of this family.