Cyclooxygenasaineet

Cyclooxygenasaineet, known in English as cyclooxygenase inhibitors or non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are a broad class of medications that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX‑1 and COX‑2. By blocking these enzymes, the drugs prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are key mediators of inflammation and pain. The inhibition of COX‑1 can lead to gastrointestinal and platelet side effects, while the selective inhibition of COX‑2 is associated with a lower risk of gastric irritation.

Common examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and the selective COX‑2 inhibitors such as celecoxib and rofecoxib. Aspirin also possesses antiplatelet properties, making it useful for cardiovascular prevention. NSAIDs are widely prescribed for acute musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. They are also used for fever reduction in various infectious and inflammatory conditions.

Side effects range from mild gastrointestinal discomfort to more serious complications such as ulcers, bleeding, renal dysfunction, and heightened cardiovascular risk, particularly with long‑term COX‑2 selective use. Consequently, clinicians balance therapeutic benefits with potential risks and may recommend lower doses, enteric-coated formulations, or add proton pump inhibitors for gastrointestinal protection. Because of their widespread use, cyclooxygenase inhibitors remain a cornerstone of symptomatic relief in common disorders, while ongoing research continues to refine their safety profile.