Cycling

Cycling, or bicycling, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, sport, or utility. A bicycle is a two-wheeled vehicle with a frame, drivetrain, and steering that is powered by pedaling. Some bicycles include gears or electric motors for assistance. Cyclists ride on roads, trails, or dedicated paths.

History: The modern bicycle arose in the 19th century. The safety bicycle, with equal-sized wheels and a chain-driven rear wheel, made cycling practical. Mass production in the late 1800s popularized cycling worldwide. Since then, bicycles have evolved in design and purpose, becoming both a practical form of transport and a competitive sport.

Forms and disciplines: Road cycling emphasizes speed on paved surfaces; mountain biking uses rugged terrain and often suspension; track cycling takes place on velodromes; cyclocross blends pavement and off-road sections; BMX features short, technical courses; urban cycling includes commuting and touring. Each discipline has specific equipment, rules, and events.

Equipment and safety: A typical bicycle includes a frame, drivetrain, brakes, wheels, and tires. Riders wear helmets, lights, and high-visibility clothing. Maintenance, proper gear, and obedience to traffic laws, along with bike-friendly infrastructure, contribute to safe riding.

Impact and health: Regular cycling improves cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and balance, with low joint impact. It can reduce traffic congestion and air pollution when used for transport. Safe storage, hydration, and appropriate gear support sustained participation.

Competition and organization: At the elite level, cycling is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Major races include the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a España, along with world championships. The sport is also part of the Olympic Games, encompassing road, track, mountain, and BMX events.