España

España, oficialmente el Reino de España, is a country in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is bordered by Portugal, France and Andorra, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa; it has coastlines on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The landscape includes the Meseta Central, the Pyrenees, and the Balearic and Canary Islands.

España is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The king serves as head of state, while the prime minister (Presidente del Gobierno) is head of government. The Cortes Generales, with the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, enacts laws. The 1978 Constitution established 17 autonomous communities and two autonomous cities, granting substantial regional self-government.

With about 47 million inhabitants, Spain has one of Europe’s largest economies, driven by services, tourism, industry, and agriculture. It is a member of the Eurozone and uses the euro. Major sectors include finance, manufacturing, energy, and agrifood. The country experiences regional diversity in income and development.

Spanish is the official language nationwide; several regional languages—Catalan, Valencian, Galician, and Basque—have co-official status in their communities. Spain has a rich cultural heritage in art, literature, cuisine, festivals, and architecture, and it hosts numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites. Football is the most popular sport.

Spain's modern history includes the unification of Castile and Aragon in the late 15th century, the Spanish Empire’s global expansion, and a 20th-century civil war (1936–1939) followed by the Franco dictatorship until 1975. The transition to democracy led to the 1978 Constitution and accession to the European Union.