Cuculiforms

Cuculiforms are an order of birds that includes the family Cuculidae, which encompasses cuckoos, anis, and coucals. Members of this group are found across the world, from forests to savannas and urban areas.

They are generally medium-sized birds with slender bodies, long tails, and bills that are slightly down-curved. Their plumage tends to be brown, gray, or olive, though some species exhibit more striking colors. They typically have zygodactyl feet, with two toes facing forward and two backward, aiding in perching and grasping branches.

Most cuculiforms feed on insects and other arthropods, though some eat fruit. They are often skulking in trees or shrubs, but can be strong fliers. Many species are solitary; some form small, loose associations.

A notable feature of many true cuckoos is brood parasitism. They lay eggs in the nests of other birds and rely on the host to raise their young. Host species vary by region, and egg mimicry is common. Coucals and anis generally raise their own young, rather than parasitizing other species.

The calls of cuculiforms vary widely. The stereotypical cuckoo call is widely associated with several European species, but many species have distinctive songs or calls used for communication and territory.

Conservation status ranges by species. Overall, many cuculiforms are abundant, but some populations are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation, and other pressures. The group occupies a broad range of habitats and displays considerable ecological diversity.