Condylitis

Condylitis is a general term that can refer to inflammation of a condyle. A condyle is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, most commonly the mandibular condyle of the jaw. Therefore, condylitis often specifically refers to inflammation of the mandibular condyle, a condition that can cause pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Causes of condylitis can include trauma to the jaw, such as a direct blow or a forceful bite. It can also be a result of repetitive strain, such as from teeth grinding (bruxism) or clenching. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can also affect the TMJ and lead to condylitis. Infection is a less common but possible cause.

Symptoms of condylitis typically include pain in the jaw, particularly when chewing, talking, or opening the mouth wide. The pain may radiate to the ear, face, or neck. Other symptoms can include stiffness in the jaw, limited jaw movement, clicking or popping sounds in the TMJ, and tenderness over the condyle. Swelling in the affected area may also be present.

Diagnosis involves a physical examination of the jaw and TMJ, along with a review of the patient's medical history. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI may be used to assess the condyle and surrounding structures for signs of inflammation, damage, or other abnormalities.

Treatment for condylitis aims to reduce inflammation and pain and restore function. This may involve conservative measures such as rest, ice application, pain medication (e.g., NSAIDs), and dietary modifications to avoid hard or chewy foods. Physical therapy may be beneficial for exercises to improve jaw mobility and strength. In more severe cases or when conservative treatments are ineffective, other options like corticosteroid injections or, rarely, surgical intervention might be considered.